How are high-performance magnets manufactured?
The types of powerful magnets are generally divided into the following types: different shapes and different performances!
What are the general shapes and types of powerful magnets?
The main application areas of square, round, counterbore and cylindrical magnets are basically gifted boxes, 3C toys are more, and tile-type powerful magnets are mostly used in the motor industry.
The performance types of powerful magnets are generally divided into the difference between low performance and high performance. Low performance is more conventionally used. High performance is not used as much as low performance because of the high price. Generally high performance is used in high temperature industry And some industries that have special requirements for magnetism. These are the differences in the types of powerful magnets!
When we grew up, we learned that high-performance magnets are indispensable in our lives, the maglev trains we ride on, the nuclear magnetic resonance of hospitals, audio speakers, and the electromagnetic guns for future weapons developed by various countries in the military.
Normally, the magnet as we know it is an object that repels and attracts each other. The magnet is composed of iron, nickel, and cobalt. It has an internal structure of magnetic pitch arranged in the same direction, with a north pole (N pole) and a south pole (S pole) at one end.
So why are there many objects in nature that are not magnetic? The magnetic substances in iron, nickel, and cobalt are different. The electrons in it can be arranged in the same direction spontaneously, and the magnetism is strengthened to form a magnet.
The magnet attracts iron to the iron block. The magnet and the iron block "stick" together. We say that the magnet has magnetism. This means that the magnet can attract iron but not aluminum, copper and other objects. The internal structure of different metals are different. The unit of magnetic induction intensity is Tesla, abbreviated as Te (T).
Magnets are divided into permanent magnets and non-permanent magnets. Permanent magnets are natural products that can maintain magnetism for a long time without losing magnetism, such as magnetite. Non-permanent magnets need certain conditions to be magnetic, such as electromagnets. In the 1930s, Japan discovered new magnets with mixed elements of nickel, aluminum and cobalt. In the 1970s, Japanese scientists invented neodymium magnets. This new magnet is called "the king of permanent magnets."
The manufacturing process of high-performance magnets
First, make a sand mold that requires a magnet shape, and then you can cast the magnet. The materials include copper, cobalt, sulfur, nickel, iron, aluminum, and titanium. Put the metal into an electromagnetic stove and heat it to over 1600°C to melt all the metal into a liquid.
Pour the solution into the sand mold, and the sand mold will burn because the gas in the hardened sand is flammable.
Use a hammer to pry open the casting mill, let air enter the casting mill to cool the material, and let the gas burn out. Separate the metal from the sand block, and the metal after casting is still an ordinary iron block without any magnetic force.
Tie the metal parts to the copper pipe, put it into a larger pipe, place the copper pipe in the middle position, tightly piled with silica sand, and seal the two ends with concrete to expose the two ends of the copper pipe.
Put it into the furnace and heat it at 700℃ and then take it out. Fix both ends of the copper pipe with clamps, pass low-voltage and high-charge current, and then take out the metal parts. This step has made the metal parts slightly magnetized and the direction of the magnetic field has been correctly established.
Through the magnetizing machine to make the magnet effective, the machine will transfer the magnetism to the metal through the electric current to make it magnetism. After the alternating current is applied, the capacitor is first charged with high voltage (energy storage), and then discharged through a coil with very small resistance. The peak current during discharge is very high, reaching tens of thousands of amperes. The strong magnetic field generated by electromagnetic can make metal permanent magnetization.
Magnet is a mineral as well as a kind of Chinese medicinal material. In ancient times, a natural magnet was used as a medicinal stone. It is recorded in the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", and people can directly use it after collecting impurities after removing impurities. Its chemical composition is mainly ferroferric oxide, and its pharmacological action magnet has sedative, eye-improving and anti-inflammatory effects.
Does anyone still have questions about the radiation of magnets? In fact, the earth is a big magnet. Human beings are affected by magnetic fields all the time. The human body has different degrees of micro-magnetic fields. A weaker and stable magnetic field is good for the human body. Now there are other ways to achieve physical therapy effects by supplementing the human body with magnetism. Adjuvant therapy. Magnets only generate a constant magnetic field, not called radiation, but only a magnetic field.
Neodymium magnets, also called neodymium iron boron magnets, are currently the strongest magnets. They can absorb 640 times their body weight and are called the strongest magnets. Its hardness, high performance and stability are widely used in electronic products such as hard drives, mobile phones, headsets and other products.
Note that neodymium magnets are formed by sintering, while ordinary magnets are cast. Because the material contains neodymium and iron, the surface is easy to rust, and some protective electroplating treatment is required. This is also a disadvantage of it.
In the process of using magnets, we will find that the stronger the magnetic force, the more fragile it is, which is caused by its physical characteristics. The magnet is made of powder sintered in the production process, and the sintering time is long, and its interior is all dead, lacking flexibility.
The attraction and repulsion of magnets under a strong magnetic field will also give the magnet itself a great reaction force, and it will easily break when it encounters other hard objects. After the magnet is broken, each small magnet still has S poles and N poles. This is because the magnetic poles of any magnet always appear in pairs. The broken can not separate its north pole from its south pole. Every magnet has its own no matter how small. Bipolar.
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